Components Of Other Comprehensive Income Research Articles

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME IN THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Research Purposes. This research aims to examine studies regarding investor and contractual profits from Other Comprehensive Income (OCI), as well as its components can provide more evidence regarding whether there are characteristics that differentiate between OCI. Research Methods. This research is research using literature review.The process of reviewing selected articles focuses on understanding the problem, context, complexity and subjectivity of researchers in studying and interpreting OCI’s conceptions and OCI components (and AOCI) and their various relevance that are beneficial to investors in IFRS. Google search, www.semanticcholar.org and onlinelibrary.wiley.com were used to find journal special issues. Research Results and Findings. OCI information and OCI components in the IFRS standard income statement are little use to investors, especially for assessing risk in making investment decisions. Investors should be careful not to overly consider OCI information and OCI components (and AOCI) when making investment decision, including debt contracts.

Implikasi Other Comprehensive Income IFRS pada Perpajakan Indonesia

In Indonesia, the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 1 does have guidelines about other comprehensive income (OCI). Tax issues usually arise when an entity seeks to reconcile any type of OCI with the definition of income under Income Tax Law Article 4 paragraph (1). This research aims to analyze the implication of OCI on the income tax environment in Indonesia. This study use a qualitative methodology with the data mainly acquired from literature and in-depth interviews. To guarantee that the principle of ability to pay is upheld, each components of OCI demand separate treatments. According to the findings, Indonesian income tax regulations on OCI components could be based on realization, mark-to-market, or a hybrid of these approaches. Gains and losses from financial statement translation of international business activity might be taxed through realization taxation. Hybrid taxation better serve the unrealized gains and losses of fixed assets and intangible asset changes in revaluation surplus. It is preferable to use the mark-to-market approach if the tax authorities has given its consent for the revaluation to be carried out. Realization taxation should be imposed on the remaining components as well. Some policy recommendations, as a result of our findings, for the development of future tax policies are highly encouraged.

Value relevance of excess return on pension assets and pension OCI components

This study investigates the value relevance and persistence of the excess of expected return over interest income on pension assets (excess return on pension assets) and pension-related other comprehensive income (OCI) components under SFAS No. 158. I find that firm value is positively associated with the excess return on pension assets and prior service cost OCI adjustments, but not associated with net pension loss OCI adjustments. The Mishkin test indicates that investors overestimate the persistence of the excess return on pension assets and treat transitory prior service cost OCI adjustments as if prior service cost represents an intangible asset. Consequently, the market overprices firms with large amounts of the excess return on pension assets and prior service cost OCI adjustments. In contrast, investors appear to correctly understand the transitory feature of net pension loss OCI adjustments. Overall, the results have important implications for a broad audience including investors, firms, and standard setters.

FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING DAN KEMAMPUAN LABA MEMPREDIKSI LABA DAN ARUS KAS MASA DEPAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BALANCE SHEET DAN INCOME STATEMENT

This study aims to determine whether the disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments used in the financial statements may improve the ability of earnings to predict future earnings and future cash flows after the application of PSAK 50 and 55 (revised 2006). Fair value measurements using two approaches, namely the balance sheet approach and an income statement approach. This study used a banking company listed on the BEI in the period 2010-2013. Using purposive sampling method, the balance sheet approach used a sample of 28 companies and approach to the income statement using a sample of 19 companies. Data analysis methods used in this study are Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 16. The results of this study showed that after the application of PSAK 50 and 55 (revised 2006) can improve the relevance of information on the fair value of financial instruments. This is supported by the results of studies showing that the fair value of financial instruments can improve the ability of earnings to predict future earnings and future cash flows using the balance sheet approach. However, this research has not been able to provide evidence that the components of other comprehensive income can provide an incremental effect on the ability of earnings to predict future earnings and future cash flows using an income statement approach.

FINANCIAL REPORTING ON COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – THE CASE OF INSURANCE COMPANIES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The objective of the paper is to research if the specificities of insurance business influence the fact that in insurance companies more components of other comprehensive income occur, as well as if in insurance companies different components of other comprehensive income are represented compared to the companies from the real sector. Furthermore, the paper should show if net income and net comprehensive income of insurance companies are significantly different, and which one of them is more volatile over time. The results of the research suggest that in the insurance companies more components of other comprehensive income are represented than in the companies from the real sector, as well as that that the most represented components of other comprehensive income in insurance companies are not different from the real sector companies, but that their frequency of appearance is higher. Statistical analysis conducted at the level of population has shown that net income and net comprehensive income are not significantly different. Also, it was established that net comprehensive income of insurance companies was more volatile over time than net income. However, by segmentation of total population according to types of insurance dealt with by insurance companies to life insurance companies, non-life insurance companies and those doing activities of both life and non-life insurance, it was established that in certain cases net income and net comprehensive income are statistically significantly different, as well as that net income was more volatile than net comprehensive income.

Other Comprehensive Income, Its Components, and Analysts’ Forecasts

This paper examines how analysts incorporate other comprehensive income (OCI) and its components into their earnings forecasts. We first document that analysts’ one-year-ahead earnings forecasts are associated with OCI and OCI components having predictive ability; this suggests analysts (at least partially) incorporate this information into their forecasting. We then show that analysts are neither complete nor timely in incorporating OCI information into their forecasts, as several OCI components remain associated with analysts’ forecast errors. Further, we document that higher uncertainty in firm performance exacerbates analysts’ underreaction, evidencing a friction to full incorporation of OCI-related information. Finally, as evidence of where and when analysts derive OCI-related information, we document that analysts’ forecast revisions correlate with the release of firms’ 10-Ks and early 10-Qs (i.e., quarters one and two but not three).

Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income for the Canadian Market*

ABSTRACTThe value relevance of comprehensive income (CI) compared to net income (NI) remains unresolved. We look at this issue in the Canadian market, using association methods to determine the value relevance of reporting CI and other comprehensive income (OCI) components for stock prices and returns. The sample consists of all the firms in the S&P/TSX Composite Index that prepared their financial statements according to Canadian standards or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) over the 2008–2016 period. Although we find no evidence that CI is more value relevant than NI for stock prices and returns, we note that some OCI components are incrementally value relevant beyond NI for both amounts. In addition, financial services firms differ from other companies in terms of the relationships between some of their OCI components and prices or returns, with such firms even driving some relationships. Relationships between OCI components and prices or returns are also affected when data from the financial crisis period are excluded, with some relationships even changing after IFRS adoption. These results inform Canadian standard setters and financial statement users that OCI components are decision useful for the Canadian market.

Risk relevance and volatility of other comprehensive income in the banking sector: Evidence from European countries

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the risk measures and the volatility of total comprehensive income (TCI), other comprehensive income (OCI), and single OCI components in the European context. Previous studies only cover reporting jurisdictions such as the United States and Canada but never the EU. Based on these premises, this research uses a sample of 166 listed banks, selected from 15 European countries. The results show that there is a significant positive association between the stock return volatility and the volatility of TCI, of OCI, and some of the single OCI components. This study contributes to the international debate on the risk relevance of TCI and its components, observing, in addition to previous research, the association not only between the risk measures and the volatility of TCI and OCI but also between the risk measures and the volatility of single OCI components.

The location of comprehensive income reporting – does it pass the financial analyst revision test?

PurposeThis paper aims to test whether a change in the reporting location of income, and other comprehensive income (OCI) components, in a statement of comprehensive income (SoCI) under International Financial Reporting Standards affects their value-relevance and use by financial analysts.Design/methodology/approachThe study tests the associations between CI, OCI, share returns and financial analyst forecast revisions.FindingsResults show that comprehensive income is less value-relevant than net income, regardless of reporting location. Changing the reporting location of OCI components to the SoCI does not provide incremental improvement for financial analysts or stock prices. Finally, the paper finds that analysts use OCI components to revise forecasts.Originality/valueThe paper addresses the question of which OCI components should be reported, and the importance of reporting location. The paper extends the examination of OCI components to financial analysts as expert financial report users.

The methodology of the statement of comprehensive income and its impact on profitability: the case of Latvia

The financial statements of a company are used by external users as the main source of information in order to take financially informed decisions. The author of the article has summarized the study on one of the financial statements-a statement of comprehensive income (CI statement) that enables creditors and investors to assess the process of the formation of company's profit and profitability. Purpose: on the basis of the study of the specificity of the preparation of the statement of comprehensive income to analyze and evaluate the influence of CI statement items on the profitability of Latvian companies. In order to achieve the purpose, the author has structured the research in two parts. In the first part of the article the author describes the theoretical framework of the core, type and content of CI statement and describes the components of other comprehensive income. In the second part of the article the author has analyzed the methodology for the preparation of CI statement at Latvian companies and impact of other comprehensive income on profitability. The subject of research was a sample of 26 financial statements of Latvian companies. The author applied quantitative and qualitative research methods generally accepted in economics: classification, comparative analysis and synthesis, statistical methods. The essence of research findings is that the core of items of CI statement and the division into the reclassified and not reclassified items of other comprehensive income (OCI) are important for the company`s financial result-evaluation of profit. Research showed that most of Latvian companies under research were influenced by reclassified items; besides, positively influenced-profitability ratios of ROE and ROA. The author believes that, when evaluating the profitability of assets and the equity of the company, the financial analysts shall take into account the reclassified items of OCI, and the calculations shall be performed using the modifications of ROE and ROA formulas.

Corporate Reporting of Other Comprehensive Income

In this study, we examine the annual report filings of S&P 100 companies that report other comprehensive income/(loss) over the three-year period of 2013-2015. We seek to gain a deeper understanding of the components of other comprehensive income and to determine if there is a systematic tendency for companies to include more gains or losses in other comprehensive income. Further, we seek to determine which components of other comprehensive income show more unexpected losses than gains and what impact other comprehensive income gains and losses may have on future earnings.We find a systematic tendency for firms to report more losses than gains in other comprehensive income, both in frequency and amount. This result is especially true for investment-related gains and losses, where managements have more discretion in the timing of gain and loss recognition.In terms of their impact on future earnings, we find that 43 companies in the S&P 100 reclassified some component of accumulated other comprehensive income gains and losses to net income over the period 2013- 2015, highlighting the observation that other comprehensive income gains and losses are, in effect, future elements of net income. These results remind analysts and investors that net income does not tell the entire story of a firm’s financial performance. Beyond users of financial statements, regulators, such as the FASB and SEC, may want to reconsider whether items of other comprehensive income should be included in net income.

Penyajian Pendapatan Komprehensif Lain Dan Komponennya Pada Industri Keuangan

This research was conducted with the aim to analyze the presentation of the components of other comprehensive income / other comprehensive income (OCI) after IFRS implementation in the industrial sector of financial that is listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2015. The sample in this research is 91 financial sector companies. The finance industry has 5 sub-sectors such as banking sub-sector, sub-sector financial institution sub sector, securities company sub sector, insurance sub sector and other sub sector. Analysis techniques in the study using cross tabulation analysis and the difference test was done by Cramer V test because of its nominal nature. Testing does not require the assumption of normality because it belongs to the nonparametric statistical group. The results of the hypothesis testing of the financial industry sector proved that the foreign exchange component, available for sale securities, hedge funds and associtions were found to be different, while the components of employee benefits and revaluation of assets were not found in the income statement and other comprehensive income.

Earnings Management Through OCI Components

This study examines whether firms transfer income between the income statement and other comprehensive income (OCI) to manage earnings. The results are consistent with managers opportunistically reclassifying income as OCI and OCI as income. Specifically, we find that firms strategically designate and de-designate derivatives in cash flow hedges to reach three earnings benchmarks: meet or beat analysts’ forecasts, meet or beat prior period return on assets (ROA), and avoid reporting a loss in the current period. However, we find that while the increase in transparency of OCI components after the adoption of ASU 2011-05 does not eliminate this practice, it does reduce it significantly.

Value Relevance of available-for-sale financial instruments (AFS) and revaluation surplus of PPE (REV) components of other comprehensive income

Value relevance studies have thus far provided mixed evidence. Studies also found that fair value reporting has a significant impact on the value relevance of other comprehensive income. Additionally, most studies on value relevance of other comprehensive income focused on developed countries where the capital market is more efficient. In these settings due to the existence of active market, fair valuation of assets may not pose a major problem. In Malaysia the mandatory reporting of comprehensive income by all listed firms based on the requirement of FRS101, coincides with the adoption of FRS139 the standard for financial instrument and could be an interesting setting to investigate. This study hypothesized that other comprehensive income and its components are associated with share price. The results indicate that other comprehensive income and its components are value relevant. The results indicate that the move towards a more comprehensive income reporting through the preparation of the Statement of Comprehensive Income results in more informative financial reporting.

The Value Relevance of Components of Other Comprehensive Income When Net Income Is Disaggregated

The purpose of this study is to examine the equity pricing of other comprehensive income when earnings are disaggregated into several components. Our findings indicate that other comprehensive income can better explain variation in stock returns when net income is reported in a disaggregated form. Additionally, we find that disaggregating both net income and other comprehensive income can explain more of the variation in the stock returns than the two summary components of comprehensive income. Our results survive a series of robustness checks.

Other comprehensive income: a review and directions for future research

AbstractAccounting standard setters continue to grapple with conceptual distinctions between components of net income and other comprehensive income (OCI). Bank regulators are dealing with the recommendations of Basel III for Tier 1 Capital, which includes more components of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). Motivated by these standard setting and regulatory debates and changes, I review the literature on the investor and contracting usefulness of comprehensive income, OCI, OCI components and AOCI. I present ideas for future research, including opportunities arising from Basel III changes to bank regulatory capital.

Information Transparency of the Statement of Comprehensive Income: The Reporting Practice of WIG30 and DAX Companies

This article aims to identify changes in the form of the statement of comprehensive income in companies in the WIG30 and DAX indices. It also aims to identify and grade components of other comprehensive income, in terms of the information transparency of the presentation options. The article demonstrates also the impact of national cultural dimensions on the form of the statement of comprehensive income. The study found that most of the surveyed companies present their statement of comprehensive income in two statements, with the number of accounting notes regarding comprehensive income presented by companies in their financial statements increasing over the period under study. The study identified four options for the presentation of other comprehensive income components used by the surveyed companies in the years 2012-2014, with the particular option chosen reflecting the different information transparency of the statement of comprehensive income. The results show that the practice of reporting in the area of the statement of comprehensive income of the DAX index companies is ahead of that in the WIG30 index. The research results on information transparency of the statement of comprehensive income correspond to one of the national cultural dimensions.

The Volatility of Other Comprehensive Income and Audit Fees

SYNOPSISThe volatility in other comprehensive income (OCI) reflects how market-related price movements, such as exchange rate and equity price changes, affect a firm's future profits. Hence, firms with higher volatility of OCI are likely to have higher inherent risk. Using hand-collected data from 2002–2006, we find that the volatility of OCI is positively associated with audit fees and provides significant incremental explanatory power for audit fees over and above the level of OCI and the volatility of net income. We also find that the effect of the volatility of each component of OCI on audit fees is consistent with the prediction of how it might affect a firm's future profits. Our results support recent efforts by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to require firms to present separately OCI components that may affect future earnings from those that may not affect future earnings.

Components of Comprehensive Income and Statement of Changes in Equity: An Analysis of Public Companies’ Reporting Practices in Poland and Germany

Purpose: Identification of methods for presenting the components of other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity in the reporting practices of public companies in Poland and Germany. Methodology: A study of domestic and foreign literature was conducted with analysis of annual reports of public companies. The study followed the method of induction and to analyse the results, the structure similarity index was used. Results: The results of the study supported conclusions that the companies under study had not developed a uniform presentation of the components of comprehensive income in their statements of changes in equity. Five options of presenting the components of other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity were identified. Companies both from the WIG 30 and DAX indices most frequently presented the statement of changes in equity in option 1, which consisted of presenting the total comprehensive income item in a row and detailed items of equity in columns in which capital gains and losses were recognized. The differentiated forms of presenting the components of comprehensive income made it difficult to compare financial statements. Scope of research: The survey examined the annual reports of the largest Polish and German public companies respectively from the WIG 30 and DAX indices. The components of other comprehensive income presented in the statements of changes in equity were the main subject of the study. Originality: Comparative studies on the presentation of the components of other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity by public companies in Poland and Germany have not yet been conducted. This was therefore the research gap addressed in this study.

Other Comprehensive Income: A Review and Directions for Future Research

Accounting standard setters continue to grapple with conceptual distinctions between components of net income and other comprehensive income (OCI). Bank regulators are dealing with the recommendations of Basel III for Tier 1 Capital, which includes more components of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). Motivated by these standard setting and regulatory debates and changes, I review the literature on the investor and contracting usefulness of comprehensive income, OCI, OCI components, and AOCI. I present ideas for future research, including opportunities arising from Basel III changes to bank regulatory capital.